Energy consumption of electric vehicles in deliveries: effect of dynamic parameters, road profile, load weight and stops

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58922/transportes.v33.e3067

Keywords:

Battery electric vehicles. Energy model. Urban logistics. Vehicle range.

Abstract

This paper evaluates a physical model for estimating the energy consumption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) in urban deliveries, as well as proposing an analysis of the impact of speed, road profile, load weight, and number of stops on the range of these vehicles. The proposed microscopic physical model is based on vehicle dynamics equations, considering exponential battery regeneration during braking events. Physical parameters and auxiliary system consumption of the BEV are taken from the literature, and a standard driving cycle is proposed, with a speed and acceleration profile based on real-world data. A total of 160 distinct scenarios were simulated, varying the vehicle’s maximum speed, road profile, load weight and number of stops. The results demonstrate that these factors have a significant and quantifiable effect on BEV range. Uphill road grades can reduce range by up to 63% compared to flat terrain, while higher speeds substantially increase energy consumption – range is up to 88% higher at 10 km/h and 54% lower at 80 km/h, compared to a baseline of 40 km/h.

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Published

2025-12-24

How to Cite

Duarte, A., Gomes da Cruz, J. P. and Tsugunobu Yoshida Yoshizaki, H. (2025) “Energy consumption of electric vehicles in deliveries: effect of dynamic parameters, road profile, load weight and stops”, Transportes, 33, p. e3067. doi: 10.58922/transportes.v33.e3067.

Issue

Vol. 33 (2025)

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandre Duarte, José Pedro Gomes da Cruz, Hugo Tsugunobu Yoshida Yoshizaki

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Last update: 11/27/2025